炼

锻炼

duàn liàn

to toughen

体育锻炼

tǐ yù duàn liàn

physical exercise

修炼

xiū liàn

(of Taoists) to practice austerities

修炼成仙

xiū liàn chéng xiān

lit. to practice austerities to become a Daoist immortal

冶炼

yě liàn

to smelt metal

冶炼炉

yě liàn lú

a furnace for smelting metal

凝炼

níng liàn

variant of 凝練|凝练[ning2 lian4]

千锤百炼

qiān chuí bǎi liàn

after hard work and numerous revisions (idiom)

提炼

tí liàn

to extract (ore, minerals etc)

洗炼

xǐ liàn

variant of 洗練|洗练[xi3 lian4]

炮炼

páo liàn

to parch and refine medicinal herbs

炼丹

liàn dān

to concoct pills of immortality